Linux Notes

General

• The Linux Documentation Project
• TheGeekStuff - 50 Most Frequently Used Linux Commnads

LAMP Server

• About Debian Linux - How to Set Up Debian Linux Internet Server
• Lamp Server Notes

• Apache2 Notes
• MySQL Notes
• PHP Notes

Text Editors - Command Line

vim

• Highest learning curve, most powerful.
• vi Editor Commands

nano

• Derived from pico, more features than pico, easier to use than vim.
• Control-Y = Page Up. Control-V = Page Down.

jed

• Menu based text editor. Yes, menus in the command line!

Viewing Files

less [FILENAME]

FTP Servers

vsftp

Files

/etc/vsftpd.conf	Config File
/etc/ftpusers	File with a list of users that are NOT allowed FTP access

After Config Changes:      sudo etc/init.d/vsftpd restart

Configuration File Settings

local_enable=YES	Allow Authentication of Users
write_enable=YES	Allow Upload of Files
chroot_local_user=YES	Limit users to their home directory.
chroot_list_enable=YES	Limit a list of users to their home directories.
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list	Location of the list of users to limit.
ssl_enable=Yes	Enable FTP over SSL (FTPS).
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem	Location of SSL Certificate.
rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key	Location of SSL Key.

SFTP

sftp username@192.168.1.1

Commands

pwd / lpwd	Show current REMOTE directory / Show current LOCAL directory.
ls	List contents of REMOTE working directory.
lls	List contents of LOCAL working directory.
ls -la	List contents of LOCAL working directory. List ALL, LONG FORMAT.
cd / lcd	Change remote directory / Change local directory.
get remoteFile	Download file from current remote directory and place in current local directory.
get remoteFile localFile	Copy remote file, place it in local directory, and rename it .
get -r someDirectory	Recursive command to copy entire directory.
put localFile	Upload file from current LOCAL directory and place in current REMOTE directory.
bye	Quit.

NFS File Server

Server

• The Linux Documentation Project -- NFS How To
• Package:   nfs-kernel-server
• Configure the Directories to be Exported by adding them to:

/etc/exports

• Exports File Configuration Examples:

/ubuntu  *(ro,sync,no_root_squash)
/home    *(rw,sync,no_root_squash)
/home   192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0(rw,no_subtree_check,no_root_squash,sync,insecure)

Client

• Package:    nfs-common
• Create a Mount Point:   sudo mkdir -p /mnt/NFS/home
• Mount Shared Directory:   sudo mount -t nfs -o resvport 192.168.1.1:/home /mnt/NFS/home
• Unmount Shared Directory:  sudo umount /mnt/home

SSH Server

Configure

sudo cp /etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/ssh/sshd_config.default
sudo chmod a-w sshd_config.default
sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
[Change:  PasswordAuthentication yes]
sudo restart ssh

Directory Structure

bin	Essential user command binaries.
boot	Static files of the boot loader.
cdrom
dev	Device files.
etc	Host-specific CONFIGURATION files, i.e. preferences.
	Startup, shutdown, start, stop scripts for every individual program.
home	User home directories.
lib	Essiential shared libraries and kernel modules.
media	Mount point for removable media.
mnt	Mount point for a temporarily mounted filesystem.
opt	Add-on application software packages.
proc	Process information. Virtual filesystem documentation kernel and process status as text files.
root	Home directory for the root user.
run
sbin	System binaries.
srv	Data for services provided by the system.
sys
usr	Multi-user utilities & applications.
var	Variable files. The contents of the files here is expected to grow.
	Contains log, lock, spool, mail, and temp files.

Miscellaneous Commands

Enable Root User

sudo passwd root

Disable Root User

sudo passwd -dl root

Reboot

sudo reboot